There are many disease conditions for which sheep and goats may be
vaccinated. All flocks and herds should be vaccinated for clostridial diseases,
specifically enterotoxemia (type C and D) and tetanus. Other diseases that
flock owners may consider vaccinating for are sore mouth, caseous
lymphadentitis (CLA), abortions (e.g. vibrio, chlamidia), and rabies, but only
if these disease conditions have been diagnosed (by necropsy) in a flock or where
the risk is deemed high. Extreme care must be used when administering the sore
mouth vaccine, as it is a live vaccine and soremouth (orf) is contagious (and
painful) to humans.
Enterotoxemia is caused by the bacteria Clostridium
perfringins, which is a normal inhabitant of the animal's gut, but can
proliferate to toxic levels under certain circumstances. Type C, also called
bloody scours or lamb dysentery, usually affects lambs and kids during the
first few weeks of life. It is usually precipitated by an increase in feed,
such as the start of creep feeding or increased milk availability due to loss
of a littermate. Type D, more commonly called overeating disease (and also
pulpy kidney disease), affects lambs and kids that are typically over one month
of age. Overeating occurs with a sudden change in feed and is associated with
high concentrate feeding.
Using moves that would make any rock climber jealous, these
death-defying goats expertly make their way up an almost vertical
dam… Photographer Paolo Seimandi, 34, captured the amusing moment the herd
of alpine ibexes decided to scale the brick wall in the Gran Paradiso National
Park in Northern Italy… And they aren’t doing it just to show off – it is
thought the goats are actually grazing, licking the stones for their salts and
minerals”
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